Outline of all 85 Federalist Papers
Introduction to Federalist Papers
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1 Call to Study New Constitution
Government’s Responsibilities
Dangers Facing the United States: Foreign
2 United America
3 Union Provides Safety Against Foreign Danger
4 Strong Union Provides Strong Defense
5 Greatest Threat to Confederacies: Each Other
Dangers Facing the United States: Domestic
6 Hostilities Between Separated States
7 Reasons for Wars Between Disunited States
8 Disunited States Threat to Each Other
9 Constitution: “Confederate Republic” Form
10 Large Republic: Controls of Effects of Faction
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Advantages of Staying United
11 Benefits of Strong Union to Commerce
12 Union Promotes Revenue
13 One National Government Cheaper than Several
Summary of Issues Covered
14 Republic: Best for American People
Problems in Current American Confederacy
No Federal Authority Over Individual Citizens
15 Confederation Near Total Collapse
16 Legislation for States; Civil Way Inevitable
17 Authority Over Individual Citizens
Weaknesses in Other Confederacies
18 Weaknesses Doomed Ancient Greek Confederacies
19 Current Confederacies: German, Polish, Swiss
20 United Netherlands: Failure of Legislation for States
Problems in Articles of Confederation
21 Defects of United States Articles of Confederation
22 Defects in Articles of Confederation
Power Needed to Fulfill Responsibilities
Defense: Foreign
23 Federal Responsibilities, Powers, Organization
24 Standing Armies During Times of Peace
25 Defense: Federal, Not State, Responsibility
26 Legislative Military Authority
Defense: Domestic
27 Federal Authority Over Individual Citizens
28 National/State Resources Counter Threats
29 Militia Not Threat to Liberty
Taxation
30 Taxation: Revenue for National Government
31 Federal Taxation Won’t Usurp State Powers
32 Union Tax Doesn’t Limit State Authority
33 Necessary and Proper/Supreme Law of the Land
34 Union, States Concurrent Taxation Jurisdiction
35 Representatives Understand Effects of Tax Policy
36 Internal Taxation by Federal Government
Drafting Constitution
Constitutional Convention
37 Difficulties Faced by Constitutional Convention
38 Ancient Republics Structured by Individuals
39 National vs. Federal Republic
40 Was Convention Authorized to Draft Constitution?
Federal Powers
41 Constitutionally Vested Federal Powers
42 2. Regulate International Relationships
3. Provide Harmony, Relationships Among States
43 4. Miscellaneous Federal Powers
44 5. Provisions Restricting State Authority
6. Provisions Giving Efficacy to All the Rest
State Powers
45 Federal Powers Not Dangerous to States
46 Federal vs. State Government Authority
“Separation of Powers” Within Government
47 Separation of Legislative, Executive, Judicial Powers
48 Separation of Government’s Powers, continued
49 Jefferson: Constitution Convention to Correct Power
50 Periodic Conventions to Correct Infractions
51 Separation of Powers: Checks and Balances
Structure of Proposed Government
Legislative: House of Representatives
52 Representatives: Candidates, Elections, Term
53 Biennial Elections Safe, Promote Quality
54 Representatives/ Direct Taxes: Same Rule
55 Total Number in House of Representatives
56 Opposition: Too Few Representatives
57 Charge: Representatives from “Upper Class”
58 Number of Representatives Will Grow
Legislative: Congress
59 Congress Can Regulate Federal Elections
60 Dangers of Union Regulating Its Own Elections
61 Regulation of Federal Congressional Elections
Legislative: Senate
62 Senators: Qualifications, Reasons Necessary
63 IV. (continued) Number Senators, 6-Year Term
64 President, with Senate, Makes Treaties
65 Senate as Court for Trial of Impeachments
66 Objections to Senate as Impeachment Court
Executive
67 Deceptive Arguments Against Proposed Executive
68 Method of Electing President
69 President’s Constitutional Authority
70 One Person Holds Executive Authority
71 Duration: President’s Term in Office
72 Presidential Term Limits
73 Executive Salary; Executive Powers, Veto
74 Commander-in-Chief, Reprieves, Pardons
75 President, with Senate Approval, Makes Treaties
76 President, with Senate, Makes Appointments
77 Executive Appoints Administration Officers
Judiciary
78 Federal Judiciary: Term: Good Behavior
79 Judiciary: Independence, Salary, Impeachment
80 Extent of Federal Judicial Authority
81 Authorities of Supreme, Inferior Federal Courts
82 Federal-State Judiciary
83 Trial by Jury
Miscellaneous
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84 Bill of Rights; Capital; Debts due Union; Expenses
85 In Conclusion, Ratify Now, Amend Later